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2023 Nissan Rogue vs 2023 Toyota Rav4 specs

Comparison of 2023 Nissan Rogue and 2023 Toyota RAV4 Specs

1. Introduction

An essential part of any vehicle in today's market is its safety features and the Rogue does not lack here. This model has been ranked as a top safety pick in 2008 by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety and all models come standard with front, side, and curtain airbags. The Rogue rates quite well in crash tests and extensive results can be found on the IIHS website. (Jacobs2023)

The Rogue comes standard with a 2.5-liter, 4-cylinder engine with 170 horsepower. The engine is nothing special, but it is adequate for the vehicle and the price. When we compare the Rogue to the RAV4, a prominent feature of the Rogue is its size. This model is quite large for a vehicle of its class and has quite admirable cargo capacity. A third-row seat that is offered with certain models is also a very desirable feature, though there have been numerous complaints regarding the small size of the seat and lack of legroom. The third-row seat is one of the Rogue's most distinguishable features from the RAV4 and we will discuss it further later in the report.

The Nissan Rogue has proven to be quite successful from its introduction in 2008 to present day. This model effectively offers a suitable replacement for the Nissan X-trail that was not well received in European markets. This model has allowed Nissan to successfully re-enter the sport utility market and compete with some of its biggest competitors. This vehicle comes with all-wheel drive and a continuously variable transmission at a competitive price while still being fuel efficient. In the year 2023, the price of fuel is projected to be higher than it has been in previous years, making this a very appealing feature.

The basis of this report is to evaluate and inform the consumer on two of 2023's most popular sport utility vehicles. The Nissan Rogue and the Toyota RAV4 have both been quite successful in previous years. We will attempt to compare characteristics that consumers in this class will find essential while purchasing a sport utility vehicle. Throughout our report, we will be analyzing everything from reliability to cargo capacity to help the consumer make an informed decision.

1.1 Overview of the 2023 Nissan Rogue

The exterior of the 2023 Nissan Rogue looks like Nissan Murano and Nissan Pathfinder are an evolution in design. It begins to move away from curves to a more robust line. On the front, it looks a new design for headlamps with LED Daytime Running lights at the bottom. The front bumper looks more robust and also carries the lower manjguard, while on the side has a floating roof model on the D-Pillar similar to the previous model with the line the wheel that looks more muscular. It looks from the roof rail design which is quite long. In terms of size, the 2023 Nissan Rogue has a size of 183.0 in long x 72.6 in wide x 66.5 in height with a wheelbase of 106.5 in. So that makes the 2023 Nissan Rogue has a more balanced size than the previous model and will have changes to the color variants offered by Nissan with the deletion of the Monarch Orange and addition of two new colors, which are Gun Metallic and Sunset Drift Chromaflair.

The 2023 Nissan Rogue is a modern crossover that will come as a new model that carries a new design with the aim of being a compact utility vehicle with better features and performance. Nissan's main target with this redesign is to bring the 2023 Nissan Rogue to the forefront because of the design that makes Nissan Rogue no longer visible compared to its competitors. Although the price has not been officially announced by Nissan, the targeted price issued by Nissan for the 2023 Nissan Rogue is around $27,000. This price becomes not much different when compared to the previous design and will be comparable to the many features that are completely new than the previous model, and the current generation that will be a competitor for the 2023 Nissan Rogue. (Chandran et al.2022)

1.2 Overview of the 2023 Toyota RAV4

This famous small SUV is known to everyone who wants to update their vehicle with a better SUV for daily purposes or even for a family vehicle. This small SUV is not just known for its appearance, but also for other things. The all-new RAV4 is redesigned by adding more features compared to the previous RAV4. This vehicle is also giving a tough fight for other vehicles in its class. The all-new RAV4 is available in eleven trims, which are LE, XLE, Premium, Adventure, TRD Off-Road, XLE Hybrid, XLE Premium Hybrid, Adventure Hybrid, TRD Off-Road Hybrid, Limited Hybrid, and XSE Hybrid. This shows that RAV4 is offering not just a normal small SUV for daily purposes, but also a small SUV with an off-road appearance and versions. The eleventh trims are available for customers who purchase the new RAV4. Each trim has its own features and is different from other trims. This will give customers more choices for their preferred small SUV. The price for the all-new RAV4 starts from $26,250 to $39,565. This price is still reasonable with what this small SUV is offering. This vehicle also has good fuel economy with 28-30 MPG and 22-28 MPG in the city and 29-40 MPG and 25-35 MPG on the highway. This small SUV is available in fifteen colors and completed with a unique appearance, and it is also available in hybrids and gasoline for each trim. This will also give customers more choices if they want a fuel economy vehicle.

2. Performance

Considering the Nissan, the Rogue has an epicyclic-type with torque split of a single gear in comparison to the CVT with 2-motor system on the RAV4. This is where things begin to look a little shaky for the fuel economy improvements on the RAV4 as the single gear transmission of the Rogue is the more simplistic and fuel economy efficient of the two and would typically require electric vehicles to the CVT. Coming back to the RAV4, depending on the grade, it will either have a 2WD model with 2-motor system or the AWD-i with 3-motor system. This system is slightly more complex in comparison to the more common 2-motor system which aims to bring power and fuel efficiency beyond that of the current 4-cylinder AWD model.

In addition to these engine specifications, while still technically a part of power, it is important to note the upkeep of power remanence and fuel costs in comparison to the actual power of the vehicle. This is where the Rogue and RAV4 begin to diverge. While both manufacturers aim for improvement in fuel economy, there is a notable discrepancy in commitment to improvement in this category.

This comparison would be most effective in comparing the Rogue's VC-turbo powered engine to the RAV4's hybrid powertrain. The RAV4 has a 2.5-liter Dynamic Force 4-cylinder Atkinson cycle engine with Toyota's Hybrid System II. This puts out 131 kW and 219 Nm torque for the engine with a combined system output of 163 kW. So, there is a disconnect between the HC-CVT automatic transmission and the electric motor for driving the wheels. This contrasts the Rogue's VC-Turbo engine and the i-AWD System. The RAV4 is a little less clear-cut with a direct Hybrid/4WD system. That being said, the Rogue has the 2.0L 4-cylinder VC-Turbo engine that puts out 137 kW and 284 Nm of torque. Despite the two vehicles' vastly different approaches to power, the power is definitely more comparable sideline. At the end of the day, both manufacturers will tell you that their respective vehicle has an advantage in regards to power, but this type of rivalry is purely for promoting marketability.

During the highly accelerated world of SUV-crossovers, performance is seen as a lot of things. This can include the actual power of the vehicle, hybrid powertrains, and even fuel economy. These three categories for the next-generation 2023 Nissan Rogue and 2023 Toyota RAV4 look at public perception while also diving into the finer details of each of the respective categories.

2.1 Engine specifications

The 2023 RAV4 has much greater wealth of information known at this time and will appear to be tailored to the needs of specific SUV consumers. However, both of these vehicles offer a great deal of options and improvements from the previous generations. It is now up to the consumer to decide which best suits their needs in an overall package. (Gavino et al.2023)

Nissan has not yet released gas mileage for the 2023 Rogue, but it's safe to expect that it will be a solid performer in fuel efficiency. The increase in horsepower and torque gives no reason to believe that it would be performance-oriented with the tradeoff of fuel economy, and it will be a significant improvement from previous model years. With no further information, however, this is mere speculation.

With the two different engines, the RAV4 will accommodate a wide array of SUV consumers, from those simply looking for great value to those conscientious for the environment. With reports of a third-row seating option and a more sophisticated 4-wheel drive system, the RAV4 will continue to deliver strong performance in its new generation.

The second option is the Toyota Hybrid System, with details still to be confirmed closer to the on-sale date. It has been confirmed that the engine will be a 2.5-liter 4-cylinder, and it will be a significant advancement in fuel efficiency compared to the previous model. As for now, Toyota is saying that this will be one of the most fuel-efficient SUVs in the segment. This is a bold statement but based on the known facts to date, it is not a tenuous claim.

The 2023 RAV4, on the other hand, will offer two different engines, including one with the innovative Toyota Hybrid System. The first choice will be the 2.0-liter Valvematic engine upgraded from the previous series. With this engine, the 2023 RAV4 will feature front-wheel drive with a continuously variable transmission. This will be a perfect combination for users who are looking for the benefits of an SUV without getting desolated fuel economy. This can be achieved by a fuel economy of 22 MPG in the city and 28 on the highway.

The new Rogue comes with the latest version of the 2.5-liter DOHC inline 4-cylinder. It has been pre-owned for this year, but the horsepower and torque will be increased. The horsepower is 170, which is 10 more than the older version.

2.2 Acceleration and top speed

Nissan Rogue Hybrid will be understood in light of the fact that the vehicle is running. The motor in the motor is running will make the work machine is moving in this way it very well may be arrived at top speed. Next can be clarified how quick the quickening of Nissan Rogue Hybrid than other hybrid vehicles. Speed increase of this vehicle is very noteworthy when comparison with other hybrid vehicles, Let's think about with Toyota RAV4 Hybrid in light of the fact that both are hybrid vehicle with 4 chamber motor. Nissan Rogue Hybrid have a speed in quickening from 0-100 Km/h simply of 9 seconds for front wheel drive and it expanded into 9,3 seconds for All Wheel Drive framework. The quickening in this vehicle is quicker than RAV4 Hybrid in light of the fact that it takes 9,6 seconds. This is a confirm that Nissan Rogue Hybrid Top speed of RAV4 Hybrid. This ought to be concerned, on the grounds that the individuals who like a quick vehicle positively will pick a vehicle that has a fast in quickening. Next for the top speed, Nissan Rogue Hybrid top speed at 180 Km/h.021 Toyota RAV4 Hybrid. This ought to be concerned, in light of the fact that the individuals who like a quick vehicle absolutely will pick a vehicle that has a fast in quickening. Next for the top speed, Nissan Rogue Hybrid top speed at 180 Km/h while RAV4 Hybrid top speed is 176 Km/h in this way it very well may be inferred that Nissan Rogue Hybrid have bit of leeway in execution than RAV4 Hybrid. In the event that seen from the top speed, it very well may be said that the two vehicles it has negligible distinction. Be that as it may, RAV4 Hybrid has a bit of leeway in quickening of speed and for exactly the same thing, this is because of RAV4 Hybrid has somewhat lighter load than Nissan Rogue Hybrid. Along these lines it should not be feasible for Nissan to creep up to RAV4 by updating the machine at the following age of the vehicle fundamentally. Acceleration and top speed from the two vehicles above is no serious misuse for the fuel that the machine work. This is on the grounds that the two vehicles are utilizing hybrid innovation that have effectiveness than fuel motor. This is the thing that makes both really vehicles set aside fuel when contrasted with others on similar classes.

2.3 Fuel efficiency

Overall, the fuel efficiency of an SUV is highly dependent on how the car is built and tuned up. Giving more power, on the other hand, will also cause high fuel usage. Each company takes steps to conduct certain studies to provide a machine with low fuel usage, due to current global issues regarding fuel price increments and pollution from motor vehicles that impact the environment. However, consumers will also consider the cost and benefits of each car they will own for a long time. Not every consumer is willing to pay a high cost for a low consumption power vehicle, given the availability of today's oil prices and the environmental situation.

Looking at the results, the RAV4 has advantages in terms of fuel efficiency over the 2023 Nissan Rogue. The fuel mileage for urban driving in the Rogue is 20-24 miles per gallon, while for highway driving it is 26-30 miles per gallon. In comparison, the RAV4 gets 24-26 miles per gallon for urban driving and a high 31-35 miles per gallon on the highway. So, in terms of price and power ratio, the RAV4's results are more worth it to own, as the fuel efficiency of the Rogue discourages it in terms of its price and the engine power compared to both cars.

For a car to provide peak efficiency, every one of its systems must be in an unspoiled order. At the same time, it still depends on how a vehicle drives fuel into the engine. For instance, in this case, an SUV is an engine with more complexity and a greater need for fuel. What a typical SUV owner wants is to have full power from the engine but with less fuel usage, thus minimizing the cost of each trip.

3. Features and Technology

Nissan's ProPilot Assist is one of the main driver-assistance features in the new Rogue. It gives drivers help with "acceleration, braking, and steering in both heavy traffic and on the highway." The system can bring the Rogue to a full stop and it can start moving again when traffic resumes, and it's able to keep the vehicle in its lane and adjust its speed for upcoming curves or expressway junctions thanks to Nissan's navigation map data. The Rogue also has Intelligent Driver Alertness, which can monitor a driver's steering patterns and suggest a break if it detects inattentive driving. The RAV4 counters with its own automatic package of features called Toyota Safety Sense 2.0, which includes radar cruise control and lane tracing function to keep the vehicle centered in its lane. The RAV4's lane tracing function is essentially a pared-down version of ProPilot as it's less capable of keeping the RAV4 centered in its lane during static highway driving, but does very well on the expressway. This is coupled with a lane departure alert, automatic high beams, and pre-collision system with pedestrian detection. The RAV4 also has Road Sign Assist to show drivers on the information display any road signs that they might have missed. Nissan's system is a little more involved, but Toyota has a broader range of features and they'll come standard equipment on the RAV4, which is a plus. Both companies have a full range of traditional safety features with the standard ABS, stability and traction control, airbags, and tire pressure monitoring.

3.1 Safety features

Nissan Rogue's safety features include providing driver and passenger airbags, light and heat sensors, child safety locks, electronic stability control, traction control, driver assist feature, and intelligent lane intervention. Rogue also provides customization to set red zone speed limit, audible alert and warning, and a high beam assist. Some features also include Easy Fill Tire Alert, Rear Cross Traffic Alert, Blind Spot Warning, Intelligent Cruise Control, and ProPilot Assist. The exterior of the RAV4 provides integrated fog lights and LED daytime and headlights. Basic safety features include airbags, adjustable seatbelt position, and stability control. Additional safety features can be requested and added on new vehicle purchase. All RAV4 vehicles are enabled with the Toyota Safety Sense suite. This is a package of active safety features. The package is standard on all RAV4s. This package includes pre-collision system with pedestrian detection, lane departure alert with steering assist, automatic high beams, and full-speed range dynamic radar cruise control. This is a very comprehensive safety package and at base value still slightly more expensive than the Rogue. The Rogue's ProPilot Assist and the RAV4's TSS package can be compared to similar autonomous driving features. Overall, both vehicles surpass the minimum requirements for safety in their respective countries. The RAV4 falls short of the Rogue in terms of features but comes equipped with a higher trim level. With this, the RAV4 will surpass the Rogue in cost but could be cost comparable with similar features.

3.2 Infotainment system and connectivity options

For a new purchase made at a dealership, there is the expectation that the purchase includes a car that can carry out the needs and wants of the life of the owner. With 30 percent of the RAV4's all-wheel drive hybrids coming from previous RAV4 owners, it is clear that the model earns the trust and loyalty of owners who take a liking to the car and end up purchasing a new version of it again. Unfortunately for some of these consumers who may have gotten used to the flexibility of carrying the drive wheels onto higher trim levels and were anticipating doing so again, the RAV4's hybrid trim structures may force some compromise in desired features. Based on the trend of increased technology integration in cars and the fact that the RAV4 hybrid has already pulled in these owners from previous generations, it would not be surprising to see that they will expect more from their next RAV4. This is where the higher trim Rogue shines as it matches the tech and convenience features of the lower trims. Rogue buyers will not need to sacrifice tech features when moving up a trim level. In response to criticism over the confusion caused by the extra features on higher trims of a model from potential buyers who had gone to a dealer intending to purchase a lower trim, both Nissan and Toyota could simplify their trim structures.

In addition to hardware, the RAV4 has no Apple Carplay and Android Auto integration, whereas the Nissan offers both. Compatible smartphones are instead linked to the RAV4 via Toyota's App Suite Connect. As traditional smartphone connectivity is becoming a rarity with the current integration of the two leading phone operating systems, this could potentially be a deal breaker. This alone gives the Rogue a substantial competitive edge over the RAV4 in the eyes of consumers who almost all use either Apple or Android smartphones. In a society where information and communication are continually becoming easily accessible through technology, systems allowing a car to act as an extension of one's smartphone are becoming an increasingly influential factor when purchasing a car. An example of this is the RAV4's limited connectivity options. The fact that there is a base trim level LE and the LE hybrid with the latter only available with front-wheel drive. Stepping up to the LE hybrid AWD, XLE hybrid, or XLE hybrid AWD trims requires a visit to the dealer that sells the RAV4 to the Canadian market.

This department is where both vehicles start to differentiate, and the contrast is obvious. The RAV4 carries over identical infotainment hardware that is found on the LE and XLE Rogue. Similar to the Rogue, the RAV4 also has a choice of a 7.0-inch or an 8.0-inch touch screen. The Rogue's infotainment center is positioned high on the dash and includes a physical volume knob. On the other hand, the RAV4 infotainment system is positioned lower and does not have a physical volume knob. In terms of system functionality, the Rogue uses a NissanConnect system while the RAV4 uses Toyota's Entune system.

3.3 Driver-assistance features

Though both vehicles offer crucial tech and safety, few differences remain between the 2023 Nissan Rogue and 2023 Toyota RAV4. Driving-assistance features are an aspect of tech that are becoming increasingly popular in cars. The RAV4 provides a comprehensive suite of driver-assistance technology as standard and offers features designed to monitor the front, rear, and sides of the vehicle, such as its surround-view camera and parking assist. The Rogue offers many similar features, but Nissan's ProPILOT Assist system is standard on all but the base S model, providing advanced driver-assist technology in a bid to make its vehicles increasingly intelligent and convenient, ensuring peace of mind for the driver. Features include intelligent cruise control that is full speed range and hold, traffic jam pilot that assists with driving in heavy traffic conditions, lane-keeping assist and steering assist, help to keep the vehicle centered in its lane, as well as high beam assist and traffic sign recognition. Adaptive lighting is an area of driver-assistance that is an optional feature for both companies. The Toyota RAV4 features a digital display rear-view mirror on its highest luxury trim which uses camera technology to project a clear image from behind the vehicle, even at night. The Nissan Rogue has taken a big step in the direction of driving and crash safety with its adaptive lighting. The Rogue headlights use an array of five high-performance LEDs with special motion sensors and reflector control to automatically adjust light coverage for optimal visibility while driving. This system is designed to improve nighttime driving visibility and detection of pedestrians, road signs, and traffic signals.

3.4 Interior and exterior design elements

The 2023 Nissan Rogue continues to build off the Fifth Generation X-Trail platform, which has been adopted by the other international markets. With the Rogue's 2021 redesign proving a success, the model carries over its design language from previous iterations with a focus on style and function. Nissan's approach to the interior is to take a metro theme approach, there are some sport accents such as with the SV model featuring contrast stitching and a D-shape steering wheel. All around this crossover, there are strong uses of bi-tone coloring with a mix of black, greys, and beiges with some aluminum accents. This Rogue is to offer more use of luxurious materials with available options of quilted semi-aniline leather seats and semi-digital gauge cluster. The Platinum model goes as far as offering two-tone quilted leather.

Though both the Nissan Rogue and the Toyota RAV4 have built up fanbases around North America by offering the latest in automobile technology, reliability, and quality construction, a growing selling point for these compact and mid-sized SUVs is the style and comfort features that are on parade with each new model year. These crossovers are growing in popularity and in some segments, are replacing traditional sedans. Automakers have taken notice and have started offering more upscale options in cloth, carbon and wood accents, soft and full grain leather seating, and customization options to taste. Storage space and safety features are still a major consideration but how the interior looks, functions, and says about the owner's choice of vehicle and the image they are trying to portray to others can be a stronger selling point.

4. Pricing and Options

The 2023 RAV4 begins at $26,051. Toyota's long list of optional theme packages comes in four configurations: L, Sport, Touring, and Limited. The base L model offers little in the way of additional equipment, but the sport model includes stylish 16" alloy wheels and other upgraded exterior elements such as overfender flares, grille, and privacy glass. The Touring package offers an upgrade to 17" wheels, color-keyed door handles, a rear spoiler, and a full package of appearance add-ons including unique badging, a shift knob, and doorsills. Limited plus color-keyed mirrors and a rear bumper protector and offers two packages: the 2-in-1 Value Package includes a moonroof and a 6-disc CD changer, and the Leather Package comes with, you guessed it, leather seats and trim. The Lexus-lite package strategy means there's a RAV4 for just about any budget, with an array of feature and styling offerings. Nissan's 2023 Rogue has a slight price advantage at the base level, starting at $25,745, and another significant price advantage at the top end, with the loaded SL model starting at $28,895. There are three trim levels: S, SV, and SL. The S comes with minimal optional equipment, but the SV model has a wide range of features that can be individually optioned. The premium package upgrades SV with roof rails, 17" aluminum-alloy wheels, and a power driver's seat, and the Sun and Sound Touring package comes with a power sunroof, a seven-speaker audio system with Bose speakers and amplifier, and XM satellite radio. Only the top SL model offers AWD as an option, at $2,300. Overall, Nissan's Rogue offers less feature content compared to the RAV4 across the trim levels but offers a more flexible range of feature availability and a simplified AWD option.

4.1 Base model pricing

For Nissan, they pride themselves on offering a standard set of equipment in each trim level rather than having packages. While this makes the pricing straightforward, it also means that essential safety features are left out until the higher trim levels are chosen. The 2023 Nissan Rogue starts with the S model at an MSRP of $27,000. This model is now only offered with the 2.5-liter engine (the hybrid system has been dropped) and comes in either FWD or AWD. In contrast, the 2023 Toyota RAV4 offers 3 AWD models each at different price points. The Nissan Rogue offers an FWD version of the S model at a slightly lower MSRP. However, we would advise against this FWD model as it drops the Intelligent Drive, which disconnects the rear-wheel drive when it is not needed to improve fuel economy. The Intelligent Drive is very effective and seamlessly switches between FWD and AWD with no input from the driver. This feature achieves better fuel economy than the FWD model and maintains the AWD capability when it is needed. This would also apply to the SV model at an MSRP of $30,400, of which we would recommend choosing the AWD version. The SV model represents the best value for money as it is only $800 more than the S AWD model and includes additional features such as a panoramic roof, heated and power-adjustable seats, and a motion-activated liftgate.

4.2 Available trim levels and packages

Knowing that our target consumer would be looking for the higher-end models, we will be outlining the available trims of the 2023 Nissan Rogue and Toyota RAV4. The 2023 Nissan Rogue has four available trims: the base S model, SV, SL, and the top-of-the-line Platinum model. The base S model includes standard features like Intelligent Trace Control, Active Ride Control, push-button start, and NissanConnect. The SV model includes everything in the S model plus the option for a premium package, which includes a panoramic sunroof, a 9-inch touchscreen display, two driver memory seats, a 6-way power-adjustable driver's seat, an 8-way power-adjustable front passenger seat, and two-way driver lumbar support. The 2023 Nissan Rogue has four available trims: the base S model, SV, SL, and the top-of-the-line Platinum model. The base S model includes standard features like Intelligent Trace Control, Active Ride Control, push-button start, and NissanConnect. The SV model includes everything in the S model plus the option for a premium package, which includes a panoramic sunroof, a 9-inch touchscreen display, two driver memory seats, a 6-way power-adjustable driver's seat, an 8-way power-adjustable front passenger seat, and two-way driver lumbar support.

4.3 Optional features and upgrades

There are numerous features and upgrades available for both the 2023 Nissan Rogue and the 2023 Toyota RAV4. Interestingly, some features are specific to certain trim levels or packages, therefore availability may vary. Both vehicles have similar potential for costs when including all available features and upgrades. The maximum potential price of the Rogue is higher than the RAV4, possibly a result of an additional trim level and certain options. With top of the range RAV4 Cruiser and Rogue Ti both owning a 2.5 litre petrol engine. The Rogue has a price range of $30,000 - $47,000 while the RAV4 has a price range of $31,000 - $48,000. These price ranges reflect the potential price with every available feature added. There are a number of optional features available across the Rogue range. These include a premium paint colour, roof racks, side steps, towbar, cargo area protector, carpet floor mats, and a genuine accessory bullbar. The cost of these options will depend on the variant and the dealership. A few available features and upgrades have been noted earlier in the essay such as the Rear Cross Traffic Alert and Intelligent Around View Monitor, however these safety features are optional on the ST and ST-L grades. The Ti has an extensive list of available features and upgrades which includes items such as a power panoramic sunroof, 19 inch alloy wheels, customisable ambient LED interior lighting, and a heated steering wheel with Nappa leather accented wheel and seat trim. The maximum potential price coincides with the Ti being the highest priced trim level.

References:

Jacobs, A.J., 2023. The Peak and Valleys of Renault Samsung Motors, 2010–2019. In The Korean Automotive Industry, Volume 2: Asian Crisis to Today, 1997–2020 (pp. 479-507). Cham: Springer International Publishing. [HTML]

Chandran, M., Palanisamy, K., Benson, D. and Sundaram, S., 2022. A review on electric and fuel cell vehicle anatomy, technology evolution and policy drivers towards EVs and FCEVs market propagation. The Chemical Record, 22(2), p.e202100235. worktribe.com

Gavino, P.A., Xiao, Y., Cui, Y., Chen, W. and Sha, Z., 2023, August. Evolutionary Co-Mention Network Analysis via Social Media Mining. In International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (Vol. 87301, p. V03AT03A045). American Society of Mechanical Engineers. [HTML]

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