Avenue Motors NJ Used
 Sales 973-319-8566
Service 973-313-5256
1453 Lawrence St Rahway, NJ 07065
Today 9:00 AM - 8:00 PM
Open Today !
Sales: 9:00 AM - 8:00 PM
All Hours

Jeep Grand Cherokee vs. Ford Bronco

1. Introduction

Jeep and Ford Bronco, both were discontinued. Production of Ford ended in 1998 and Jeep in 2020. Both will be brought back on the market for the future 2017 models. As they were some of the most powerful off-road SUVs of their time, it will be interesting to see how they compare. Also, since most people don't use their 4x4s strictly as off-road vehicles, comparing them in other aspects will also be necessary. These are popular rigs for off-roading and there is great debate over how well they perform both on and off-road, so some of my statements in these comparisons will certainly make some viewers. The popular Jeep Grand Cherokee (JGC) is now on its fourth generation and over the years has developed a much more luxurious look while still maintaining great off-road capability. They can be had with a V6, V8, or turbo-diesel engine, coming standard with rear-wheel drive, but 4x4 is available. Note that this comparison is for the 4x4 JCG Laredo model unless stated otherwise. The Ford Bronco ended production in 1996 after five generations and was quite a versatile SUV until they stripped the 4x4 models down to the Ford Expedition clone it shares its frame with today. The 4x4 Laredo has Quadra-Trac I full-time 4x4 with low range, which is great for off-roading, and has the ability to select from different terrain types, i.e. snow, rock, mud, etc. Stepping in from the JCG, the V8 4.7L high-output engine simply has more power and will be better for towing and off-roading, but will hit the owner with more visits to the pump. Unlike the JCG, the Ford has the option of a V8 or V6. There is a 5-speed automatic and manual transmission to choose from, and the JCG is stuck with a 5-speed auto. Now, since most 4x4s are used occasionally for off-roading but primarily as street driving vehicles, ride quality is a huge factor. Both have an independent front suspension, which is great for on-road ride, but the JCG comes with a non-optional off-road performance suspension, which will decrease on-road ride quality. High-performance and V8 Laredo models come with a super-quiet dual exhaust system with a Skid-plate package. Just to mention, this isn't a cheap $60 bolt-on from AutoZone and better prevents death wobble linkage because of dry-rotting that is common with stock Jeep parts. Now, pricing-wise, these begin at about the same, but fully loaded JCGs are almost at $50k, and that is quite a bit of money for a Jeep. As for Ford, they have not announced pricing, but it will almost certainly be cheaper. Now, possibly the most important aspect for an off-road enthusiast is reliability, but that is a hard fact to learn for a new model. (Wilson & Plant, 2024)(Bunch, 2022)(Trzepieciński & Najm, 2024)(Ferguson)(Carrillo et al., 2023)(Panaggio & Spirito)(ANGELO)

2. Design and Features

At first glance, the Bronco and the Cherokee seem to have similar shapes and features. Both vehicles have high ground clearance and a boxy shape. The Jeep Grand Cherokee is 4 inches wider than the new Ford Bronco, which can make a difference in room on the inside, but the wheelbase is only a half inch longer on the Jeep. Another important difference is that the new Bronco comes in a 2-door version as well as the traditional 4-door, which is a distinct difference from the offering by Jeep. While the Bronco is obviously taking styling cues from the original worldwide WW2 vehicle produced by Ford, Jeep either intentionally made the new Cherokee look slightly more modern or is long overdue for a new design platform. Updated in 2011, the Grand Cherokee is now in its 4th generation. To keep up with the times, it is apparent that each small redesign gets away from its original form. Viewing the Jeep in terms of 4x4s, it is quite possibly the most luxurious vehicle out there and it seems that Jeep didn't intend to market it as something that will attack the Rubicon trail out of the box. An explanation for this might be because the newer Jeep models are less common to see with mud on them. Its owners likely spending that money on a more capable trail vehicle.

2.1. Exterior Design

Jeep has kept the traditional seven-slot grille but has given it a modern look. The rear of the vehicle and wheel wells suggest that it could easily accommodate larger wheels and tires. With lift kits and aggressive tires always being a popular modification to SUVs, it seems that the Grand Cherokee would look good with an off-road treatment. Ford has reintroduced the Bronco after 20 years of dormancy, and with some subtle styling cues, it shows. The round headlamps and wheel arches have a hint of early model Broncos, and the boxy shape suggests it too could be modified for off-road use. With increased aftermarket support for Jeep and the popularity of SUVs that can be easily modified, it's easy to imagine both of these vehicles with larger tires and a coat of mud.

Because both the Jeep Grand Cherokee and the Ford Bronco are SUVs, they must look rugged and utilitarian, yet be pleasing to the eye. Both have achieved this, but in very different ways. The Grand Cherokee looks like a vehicle designed for comfort and luxury. Its aerodynamic lines and monotone paint schemes give it a sophisticated appearance. The five-spoke wheels and sleek rear fascia make it look fast, even standing still. The Bronco, on the other hand, looks like it's about to tackle the Baja 1000. Its boxy shape and retro styling give it a very purposeful look. The front and rear fascia suggest that it can climb steep grades and make it back down again. The short wheelbase and wide track make it look like it could take the tight turns with ease. Unlike the Grand Cherokee, it looks like it would perform the tasks suggested by its exterior. Both vehicles have also left room for customization.

2.2. Interior Features

Jeep is known for being able to produce a nice quality interior, and the Grand Cherokee is no exception. The Summit trim, in particular, has real wood and leather-trimmed heated steering wheel, designed to feel more elegant and luxurious. The Limited, Trail Hawk, and Overland models are not far behind, featuring leather-trimmed heated seats with the Limited and Overland models offering an open pore wood interior. Both the Grand Cherokee and Bronco provide ample room for passengers and cargo and are designed to be functional for a more active lifestyle. Both vehicles also offer an adjustable trunk floor, which offers the ability to lower the floor to put muddy items closer to the floor, where they will not soil the rest of the cargo area.

The Jeep Grand Cherokee offers a luxuriant feel, which is more in keeping with the traditional car-like design of earlier generations, while the Ford Bronco takes a somewhat minimalist approach, but its interior is still well designed, thought out, and should prove to be very practical and functional. Both feature a driver information digital display, infotainment screen in the middle of the dash, and an overall clean instrument panel layout. The Bronco also features frameless doors, which allows for an excellent amount of visibility around the A pillar. With the doors, hardtop, and overall, the Bronco was produced with off-roading in mind and is built to allow the driver a great sense of the environment around the vehicle. This should also offer increased visibility to obstacles and while maneuvering off-road or on the trail. Both vehicles will feature a 5-passenger setup.

2.3. Technology and Infotainment

The Bronco includes a "Sync 4" infotainment system that is more advanced than the previous model but has been criticized for certain features, one being that the new infotainment system is featured on a smaller 12.0-inch touchscreen than the Jeep Grand Cherokee. The other is that the Bronco has more physical buttons and knobs, adding clutter to an already small console area. The Grand Cherokee has added more features operated by the screen than in previous years to give it a more simple and sleek modern appearance.

All models come fully equipped with the latest UConnect 5 infotainment system, which includes a variety of features. Both vehicles have an 8.4-inch or 10.1-inch touchscreen that controls the systems of the car. The Grand Cherokee, however, has a more innovative feature than Broncos that enables the car to memorize the driver's seat, mirror, and radio settings for two drivers. This system is the only one available at this time to provide settings memorization for two drivers.

3. Performance and Capability

Both vehicles have a minimum 6000 pound tow rating, but the Bronco was able to reach this across the line with all engines on 2 or 4 door models. The Grand Cherokee starts at 6200 pounds with the 6-cylinder engine, and moves up to 7200 with the 5.7L V8, but plummets to 6000 pounds with the diesel engine, and then an abysmal 2000 pounds with the 6.4L or 6.2L V8. This is an area where the Jeep driver will require some buyers to have a second more tow friendly vehicle, as you do not want to have the top of the line V8 engine and be relegated to only towing 2000 pounds.

In terms of off-road capability, both vehicles are extremely well-equipped. The Bronco has a small edge in this department, featuring removable doors and roof standard on all models for a true open air experience. The Grand Cherokee does not feature this kind of open-air design unless you opt for the much larger and less nimble Wrangler or Gladiator models. Both vehicles utilise Dana 44 solid rear axles with the option of an electronic locking rear differential. The Bronco offers this on both 2 and 4 door models, while the Grand Cherokee limits this feature to the off-road specific Trailhawk model. Both vehicles have similar systems of advanced traction control technology to simulate locking differentials in models that do not have them, but the real deal is still what you want for serious off-roading. A standard automatic system to disconnect the front sway bar for increased wheel articulation is an area where the Bronco outshines the Grand Cherokee, which only has this feature on the top level Trailhawk, but is still worth mentioning. High performance off-road engines sit at the top of the line for both vehicles with Jeep's Trackhawk and the recently announced Bronco Warthog, which is sure to make for entertaining comparisons in the future. Both vehicles have an 8-speed automatic transmission, and while the 5th generation Grand Cherokee's transmission has not been officially ranked, the previous generation was problematic in terms of reliability. The Bronco has a small edge here, as optional manual transmissions are available on all engines in 2 or 4 door models in both vehicles. Choosing a manual option locks the Bronco into 4WD, while the Grand Cherokee is a permanent AWD vehicle with no 2-speed transfer case option on any model. A transfer case is an AWD vehicle's way of engaging 4WD by splitting power between the front and rear axles, and a low range transfer case is what you want for extra torque at low speeds in situations such as rock crawling. Low range is only available in the Grand Cherokee on V8 and diesel models, and while the Bronco has not yet released full information on engine availability in conjunction with 2 or 4 door models, a low range transfer case is standard on all models. (Reich)(Cappella)(until September)(Rudlang, 2015)(SPORTS)(Carrillo et al., 2023)(Staff, 2023)(WRIGHT)

The Grand Cherokee has a significantly wider range of engines than the Bronco. Starting with the 3.6L V6 in the base Laredo model, the Jeep offers a 5.7 Hemi V8, a 3.0L V6 Turbo Diesel, a 6.4L V8, and the high-performance 6.2L Supercharged V8 in the Trackhawk model. Although the Bronco lacks in engine variety, the 2.3L EcoBoost offered as the base engine and the 2.7L EcoBoost V6 outshine the Grand Cherokee's V6 options in power and efficiency. Jeep's V8s deliver significantly more power, but are unmatched by the Bronco's off-road focused engine options. The smaller EcoBoost engines have not yet been proven for long-term reliability and durability, making it uncertain how they will hold up when compared to Jeep's tried and true rear-wheel drive engines.

3.1. Engine Options

Both the Jeep and the Ford have a front engine, rear-wheel drive layout, an independent front suspension, and a solid torsion-bar rear suspension, but there the similarities end. The new Ford Bronco is designed to be a fully off-road vehicle from the ground up, and the suspension design has been chosen to reflect that. It has an independent front suspension and a complete control arm rear suspension design. This is the best suspension design for off-road stability and control, but we're unsure what difference it will make in handling and performance compared to the tried and true design on the Jeep. Ultimately, shock absorption travel and weight transfer and powertrain loads played a bigger role in ride and handling, and part of the refinement of Jeep's suspension is actually a tribute to Chrysler and Daimler's goal of moving the Grand Cherokee upmarket into a more luxurious area in terms of comfort and interior features. This goes against the sentiment of the 4X4 enthusiast who has a lot of respect for the ZJ and WJ models, which were moderately priced gross mass vehicles with linearly upgraded and, let's face it, by far and away, better off-road performance.

In Australia, the 3.6L V6 is currently the main petrol power plant available, but once new vehicle demands have been met, it is expected that the 5.7L and V8 CRD will be offered with width upgrade in a limited-time Grand Cherokee. Diesel fuel engine power plant change course of action associate with is also becoming steadily broad alongside the different changes to the engine bay and engine management system. This contrasts with other global regions and the North American market where the primary engine choice is still overwhelmingly petrol. Diesel parts are not expensive to replace in case of an accident or breakdown, considering that the major power plant and powertrain parts are the same as their petrol counterparts. Diesel engines often have a longer lifespan than petrol engines, which means lower maintenance and replacement costs over the long term.

The 5.7L V8 MDS VVT Engine is essentially 60HP greater with a choking torque of 390 ft-lb compared to the Pentastar and MultiJet. MultiJet is a bleeding-edge traditional direct injection diesel engine which is making waves in the global markets, but has only been seen in the Chrysler and Jeep products in North America due to resistance; and the fact that a sound sectional of American buyers still have a negative perception between diesel-powered power plants and the aroma, clatter, and smoke they were too familiar with from diesel engines of the 70s, 80s, and mid-90s, all of which have been eliminated from the current Jeep Grand Cherokee engine. This engine has the same power but a 50% increase in torque compared to another optional HEMI engine. Usually, a 6.4L or a 6.2L engine will be required for 500 lb+ of torque, and because Jeep wants to excite the performance fan base with the SRT8 Grand Cherokee, I'm guessing if they choose to offer any V8 in the next few model years, they'll go with the top-end performance-made V8s, instead of investing more R&D money into the new 5.7L HEMI Upgrade.

Jeep Grand Cherokee gives an intensity of 293-horsepower 3.6-liter V6 Pentastar engine with variable valve timing, which provides fuel efficiency improvements, manufactured improvement, and engine deterrent strategies. It has everything you could require in a modern engine and is the best approach to combine it at a minimal cost.

3.2. Off-Road Capability

Limited and Overland models will offer four height-adjustable air suspension. Step up to the higher-level models in the Ford, and a push-button system can disconnect the front sway bar and lock the rear diff. The Ford also has more aggressive off-road tires and steel wheels. The Bronco comes in at a cheaper price and is a very basic offering in comparison to the Jeep.

This is the first year the Jeep Cherokee has offered an independent front suspension. This has reduced some of its off-road ability on the solid front axle models. To maintain off-road sophistication, the Grand Cherokee borrowed the Quadra-Drive system from its bigger brother, the Grand Cherokee. This unit marries three viscous diffs with a lockable transfer case. In its simplest form, the system uses sensors to detect wheel slip and, through hydraulic pressure, it will divert drive to the wheels with the most traction. This is beyond the standard part-time 4WD shift-on-the-fly system in the Ford.

The Jeep Grand Cherokee offers three types of 4WD systems and better ground clearance than the Ford Bronco. The Bronco only offers a two-door off-roader. The approach angle is a little better for the Bronco, and the departure angles are better on the Grand Cherokee. Locker differentials are an available option with the Jeep, whereas no lockers have been offered on the Ford. Projected sales suggest better aftermarket support for the Jeep.

3.3. Towing Capacity

The Grand Cherokee is recognized as the premium SUV with the highest towing capacity, but the Ford Bronco is no slouch. The Grand Cherokee offers three engines, two of which (the 5.7L and the 6.4L) both offer a 7,200 lb towing capacity. The 5.7L is equipped with a Class II Hitch and the 6.4L is equipped with a Class IV Hitch. For those of you who are not familiar with the different types of hitches and their class, this will be explained later. The Pentastar V6 engine is capable of towing 3,500 lbs. The towing capacity for the 5.9L V8 ZJ Grand Cherokees, and the 4.0L and 4.7L WJ Grand Cherokees is 6,500 lbs. The non-ZJ/WJ Jeeps have a tendency to only be equipped with a Class III hitch. The significance of all these capable hitches and towing capacities of the Grand Cherokee will become more evident in the "off-road capability" and "trailers" sections. The Ford Bronco was offered with various engines and had a wide range in towing capacities. Early model Broncos were equipped with a straight six, and V8 engines ranging from 289-351 cubic inches in the 67-77 era, the largest towing capacity being 6,000 lbs with a 351M/400 engine and a 4.11 axle ratio. The 78-79 Bronco saw a decrease in the towing capacity with the largest being 5,800 lbs with a 5.8L/351 engine. In the 80-96 era Broncos, the top towing capacity was 7,000 lbs with a 5.8L/351 engine and 4.10 or 4.56 axle ratio.

3.4. Fuel Efficiency

The most important topic which every consumer is keen to know is about fuel efficiency. In this criteria, Jeep Cherokee is ahead than its contemporary Ford Bronco. The present generation Cherokee uses gasoline and more energy efficient diesel engines unlike a gas guzzler 5.8 V8 of Ford Bronco. Cherokee 4x2 has city/highway per gallon equivalent of 17/21 in gasoline and 22/30 in 3L EcoDiesel engine. 4x4 gasoline model gets 1 mpg lesser than two wheel drive and 3L EcoDiesel model gets similar mileage as 4x2 gasoline fuel. This creates difference between the fuel consumption of Cherokee and Ford Bronco which has city/highway consumption of 11/15 mpg in 5.8L V8 engine. Here Ford Bronco V8 has consumption equal to Cherokee Hemi engine which is much powerful than its base 3.7L V6 engine. And it’s expected that when Ford releases its RC1 V6 EcoBoost engine it may have nearly same consumption as Cherokee which will not be good considering it to be smaller and low powered than Cherokee. Step in height and high ground clearance of Cherokee makes it fuel efficient as it has more aerodynamic body compared to Ford Bronco. Considering present day fuel rates, this may be sore point to Ford Bronco’s prospective buyers.

4. Safety and Reliability

The Ford Bronco has been designed with excellent 4.1 safety features for any off-road enthusiast. These features include dual airbags, seat belt pre-tensioners, and door-mounted side curtains that protect you from the first to the last mile. The rear liftgate window has a provisional defroster with a windshield wiper/washer, ensuring full visibility. The driver also has the luxury of a one-touch up/down window feature. The only safety feature to date that the Grand Cherokee offers and the Bronco doesn't is an Anti-Lock Brake Control feature that allows you to maintain steering control while braking by reducing wheel lockup. Although for those who are true off-road drivers, standard brakes are preferred to avoid expensive repair. The Grand Cherokee has too many standard features to mention, all of which are considered preventive measures to avoid a collision. And because Jeeps sit higher than the typical sedan, the Jeep's height becomes a safety feature in and of itself. High-intensity discharge headlamps are also new to the 2005 Grand Cherokee and are available on selected models. These lamps provide 2.4 times the light output of conventional headlamps, best for dark mountain trails. Still not yet tested for safety, an exciting feature offered on new Ford vehicles is known as The Sync. This distraction-free, voice-activated device provides hands-free access to cellular phones and MP3s and automatic phone book download, resulting in less time looking away from the road.

4.1. Safety Features

The Bronco does have a few safety features in its favor, such as the SafetyCanopy™ side curtain airbags option, which provides added protection for both rows of outboard passengers. This is indeed a great feature; however, it doesn't change the fact that the Grand Cherokee has better airbag protection overall, and the curtain airbags are also available in the Jeep. Another feature is AdvanceTrac® with Roll Stability Control™, which is designed to maintain vehicle directional stability. This is indeed a great safety feature, and the GJC only has stability control available in the 5.7L model with the ACC option; it does not have a roll-mitigation system. The Bronco has a higher-level safety feature available with its telematics system. This is an aid in the case of an accident, as it will automatically call for help if the vehicle is in an accident that causes the airbags to inflate or the fuel pump to shut off. This is definitely a plus for the Bronco but not something that outweighs the better overall safety attributes of the Grand Cherokee.

The Ford Bronco, although it possesses some merits, lacks some of the vital safety features that the Grand Cherokee offers. For example, side impact airbags located in the Bronco with the convenience group option. The Grand Cherokee offers best-in-class airbags with multiple front and side airbags. The Command-Trac® 4WD System is an available part-time 4WD system that operates in 2WD mode for fuel savings. It also features a shift-on-the-fly system that lets you move from 2WD to 4WD High mode at speed. This is superior to the Bronco as it is smoother and does not require stopping to engage. The Grand Cherokee is also equipped with anti-lock brakes, which help prevent wheel lockup during severe braking for a shorter stopping distance and easy control. This is a standard feature, unlike the Bronco, which has rear-wheel ABS only and 4-wheel ABS available on certain models. The 4-wheel ABS is definitely favorable, especially when off-road driving is involved, given that there can be some hairy situations that would require a rock-solid braking system for maximum control. On-road Max Traction with Electronic Limited Slip Differential provides rear-wheel torque on take-off to help prevent wheel slip. The system will instantly engage when throttle is applied from a stopped or slow position and will disengage when the vehicle reaches 18 km/h. This is another feature that aids in better braking control. Lastly, one of the great safety attributes of the Grand Cherokee is tire pressure monitoring. This system will display warning messages if pressure is changed in any of the tires and will display actual pressure readings when the system is enabled via the overhead console. This is essential as under-inflated tires can be a safety hazard, and given that it's not always easy to spot underinflation, this system serves as a great preventative measure. This is another feature that the Bronco does not have. (POSTERS)(Parenteau et al., 2021)(Muhammad et al., 2023)(Schmitt, 2020)(Vidano & Assadian, 2024)(Firey et al.)(Issno)(Ronspies, 2020)

4.2. Crash Test Ratings

Although both vehicles provide safety for their passengers, the Jeep Grand Cherokee is safer for its occupants in a crash than the Ford Bronco. Crash test ratings, according to safercar.gov, show that the Grand Cherokee performs much better in a crash than the newly designed Ford Bronco. The frontal crash test ratings showed the Grand Cherokee got a 5-star rating on the driver and passenger seat, while the Ford Bronco only got a 4-star rating on the driver seat and a 3-star rating on the passenger seat. The ratings continued to get worse for the Bronco. In the side crash test ratings, the Jeep Grand Cherokee once again got a 5-star rating for the front and rear seat, while the Ford Bronco only got a 3-star rating for the front and rear seat. In almost every test, the Grand Cherokee outperformed the Ford Bronco. The rollover rating for the two-wheel drive Grand Cherokee is at 4 stars, and the 4-wheel drive is at 3 stars, providing good protection in a rollover crash. The Ford Bronco got a terrible 3-star rating on both 2 and 4-wheel drive, with a 26.9% chance of rollover.

4.3. Reliability and Maintenance

The Ford Bronco has a projected five-year cost of maintenance of about $20,000, Get Junk Mail reports. Compared to the Jeep Grand Cherokee's projected five-year maintenance cost of $14,000, this is significantly higher. Furthermore, reliability ratings reflect these costs. J.D. Power categorizes the Ford Bronco as scoring a 73/100 in quality and reliability. In contrast, the Jeep Grand Cherokee receives an 86/100. 2012 marks the final year Consumer Reports has data on the Ford Bronco's reliability. This year, the Bronco receives a 1/5 rating on predicted reliability. Conversely, the 2012 Jeep Grand Cherokee is rated 4/5 for predicted reliability, with some four-wheel drive models receiving the full 5/5 rating. This juxtaposition in reliability tests is indicative of both vehicles' projected maintenance costs.

References:

Wilson, L. R. & Plant, E. J. (2024). Built Ford Tough, Again: Does each generational group of consumers associate the new Ford Bronco with positive feelings of nostalgia?. umt.edu

Bunch, C. Y. (2022). Nostalgia as a tactic for marketers: the use of retro marketing to entice consumer purchase. georgiasouthern.edu

Trzepieciński, T. & Najm, S. M. (2024). Current Trends in Metallic Materials for Body Panels and Structural Members Used in the Automotive Industry. Materials. mdpi.com

Ferguson, C. (). Falling From Grace: From Celebration to Condemnation. academia.edu. academia.edu

Carrillo, J., López, O., & Díaz, M. (2023). impact of automation and digitalization on employment. researchgate.net

Panaggio, B. & Spirito, T. (). RIC-TV production-spotlights kids with cancer. digitalcommons.ric.edu. ric.edu

ANGELO, P. (). Marcus Strother honored at Prayer Breakfast. People. olivet.edu

Reich, L. (). ALL YOU NEED IS LUV. scholarlycommons.pacific.edu. pacific.edu

Cappella, A. (). Full circle. scholarscompass.vcu.edu. vcu.edu

until September, C. C. (). HENE. scholars.unh.edu. unh.edu

Rudlang, S. (2015). fflntbersttp QCbrontcle. Chronicle [November 9. stcloudstate.edu

SPORTS, I. (). Greek Day enhances seminar experience·. digitalcommons.stmarys-ca.edu. stmarys-ca.edu

Staff, B. (2023). The Beacon, April 14, 2023. nwciowa.edu

WRIGHT, M. E. G. (). Student leaders caught drinking at reheat. dc.suffolk.edu. suffolk.edu

POSTERS, D. (). E200. namwheels.com. namwheels.com

Parenteau, C., Campbell, I., & Courtney, A. (2021). An Update on Front-Seat Occupant Injury Rates in Frontal Crashes: Focus on Modern Vehicles. IRCOBI Conference. ircobi.org

Muhammad, Z., Anwar, Z., Saleem, B., & Shahid, J. (2023). Emerging cybersecurity and privacy threats to electric vehicles and their impact on human and environmental sustainability. Energies. mdpi.com

Schmitt, A. (2020). Right of way: Race, class, and the silent epidemic of pedestrian deaths in America. atlantaurbanist.com

Vidano, T. & Assadian, F. (2024). Control Performance Requirements for Automated Driving Systems. Electronics. mdpi.com

Firey, L. M. L., Rudd, R. W., Lockerby, J., & Craig, M. J. (). Identification of Influential Factors Among Fatalities of Restrained First-Row Occupants in Recent Frontal Crashes. ircobi.org. ircobi.org

Issno, I. T. (). INKWELL. core.ac.uk. core.ac.uk

Ronspies, K. B. (2020). Evaluation and Update of MASH Test Vehicles. unl.edu

Jeep Grand Cherokee vs. Ford Bronco

Discover the differences between the Jeep Grand Cherokee and Ford Bronco in terms of performance, features, and overall value. Learn more about their specs, comparisons, and user reviews below.

Read More