Honda Ridgeline vs. Jeep Gladiator

1. Introduction

Jeep has had a strong resume of successful vehicles, specifically SUVs and trucks. One of the biggest decisions made in their lineage was developing the Wrangler. This would provide Jeep with an intermediate off-road vehicle for customers to choose from. The Gladiator isn't actually something new from Jeep - they have developed two prior models throughout the 1960s, 70s, and 80s. It was a small truck used for similar purposes to the today's Wrangler and it would last until 1970. The second generation was a "badge-engineered" Dodge Dakota which ran from around 2000-2004. Since the conception of the Wrangler, there was always a desire to modify or somehow convert the vehicle to a small truck. This idea was put into an end at the beginning of 2000 when it was shown that the future of the Wrangler and Wrangler-type vehicles was uncertain. Fast forward to present and Jeep has definitely made a bold statement - it was decided that their mid-size SUV (the Wrangler) would be converted into exactly what everyone had been trying to do with it - it was now going to be the Wrangler's platform to have a small truck. And that is now the Gladiator.

Honda has had many underestimated models. For whatever reason it could be, they are often considered a second-rate purchase. That's how one could label the Ridgeline. The small truck has actually grown to have a pretty big following and has shown to be a reliable and quality vehicle. The first production of the Ridgeline was in 2005 and ran through 2014. Honda has recently decided to start producing the truck again in 2017 due to increased interest in the small truck/social community. It has also proved to be an ideal vehicle for camping and outdoor activities.

1.1 Overview of Honda Ridgeline

The Honda Ridgeline is meant for someone who either really needs a small truck or does not really need a full-sized truck. The extra ride comfort and larger cabin would also make this a great alternative to someone considering an SUV. (Poplin & Poplin, 2023)

The Ridgeline has a fairly short bed at 5'4" but does have a hidden in-bed trunk, lockable in-bed storage, and a dual-action tailgate for extra functionality.

The Honda Ridgeline has a unibody construction unlike the typical body-on-frame design found in most trucks. This gives the Ridgeline its car-like driving quality and it is also the reason why it has the largest cabin in its class. This, combined with its independent suspension, gives the Ridgeline a ride quality that is unparalleled by any other truck in its class. It is obviously designed for the person who uses the truck as a daily driver.

The Ridgeline comes with a 3.5L V6 motor that produces 280hp and 262lb/ft mated to a 6-speed automatic transmission (no manual option) and gets 18-24mpg. These are all more car-like attributes, but the Ridgeline does have the option for AWD and can be set up in different terrain modes. It has an all-wheel-drive system that automatically engages the rear wheels when the Ridgeline accelerates, enhancing launch performance on slippery surfaces.

The Honda Ridgeline has a few outliers compared to most trucks, one of those is the fact that it is built on a car platform. It is derived from the same platform as the Honda Pilot. This helps in ride comfort and daily driving quality, but it does hurt off-road capability and ruggedness of the vehicle.

The Honda Ridgeline is designed to be a direct competitor to the Jeep Gladiator. The specifications and purpose of the Honda Ridgeline are important to understand as it will directly relate to the comparisons between the two trucks when discussing how the Honda Ridgeline holds up when compared to the Jeep Gladiator.

1.2 Overview of Jeep Gladiator

Truck enthusiasts everywhere had something to be excited about at the 2018 LA Auto Show, and that is the introduction and debut of the 2020 Jeep Gladiator. Amazingly enough, the last time Jeep offered a truck, you have to reach all the way back to 1992 with the Jeep Comanche. Jeep claims this truck is the most capable mid-size truck ever, offering best-in-class towing and 4x4 payload capacity. They certainly got their feet wet with the refreshed 2019 Cherokee and 2019 Wrangler which made significant comebacks in the market. As expected, when the Gladiator has its starting ground, Jeep's goal is to own the mid-sized truck market, where they have the Wrangler in the compact SUV market. As a result, they're targeting Wrangler owners, mid-size truck owners that have longing hearts for their old Wranglers, and new customers who are intrigued by the new mid-sized truck segment. The first area we'll touch up on with the Gladiator is its appearance. Nothing says "Jeep" more than having a boxy truck with a seven-slot grille. Walk into closer scrutiny and you'll notice the rugged fender flares which are a subtle callback from the original SJ Jeeps of the 1970s. The bed comes in at 5 feet with an available Trail Rail Cargo Management System and a three-position tailgate. The hardtop and soft top is reminiscent of what Gladiator's brother, the Wrangler, offers. Step into the interior and you'll be reminded of the Wrangler even more with an overall familiar layout, wash-out interior, and the use of the fourth-generation Uconnect system. The fold-down windshield, removable doors, and top are exclusive features that you won't find in any other trucks in the market, making it a one-of-a-kind truck for those who enjoy open-air driving. Welcome to Jeep's loyal and new customers. (MEAL, 2020)

2. Exterior Design

Sharply dressed, the 2010 Honda Ridgeline stands out easily in a crowd of pickup trucks. While pickup truck lovers will argue that a set of wheels is necessary to be iconic, what the Ridgeline offers instead is an incredibly smooth line and a sports-inspired touch from its two brothers, both the Accord and the Pilot. A lift-able rear seat providing a large waterproof storage area, in addition to a dual-action tailgate and a lockable In-Bed Trunk offering even more secure storage and an 8.5-inch depth, the solutions for storage are seemingly never-ending. Step up to the RTX model and above, and the Ridgeline now offers an integrated trailer hitch, giving the Ridgeline a total pull capacity of 5,000 pounds to appease the needs of a typical pickup truck. The first thing that came to my mind when looking at the Gladiator is the classic 2004 film, King Arthur. The reason being, the Jeep Gladiator is the epitome of what one would think a knight in shining armor would jump off his horse to drive into a heated battle. And in continuation of the ancient war theme, Jeep sells the Gladiator to consumers as a truck that founders its roots in the days of the Spartans with loyalty to the time-tested design. For that reason and that reason alone, fans of the classic Jeep Wrangler now find themselves picking up the Gladiator for the rugged trip up to the local trails while having the practical utility and cargo room of a pickup truck. Optional features such as a three-piece modular hard top and a forward-facing TrailCam off-road camera system will give the Gladiator a proper sandbox to play in. The strength of the Gladiator, much like the lore of a historic knight in shining armor, lies in the body and frame. Coming standard with a frontal winch and steel-bumper package, the bodyside rock rails, 33-inch all-terrain tires, and the rear steel-bumper and swing gate assembly, the Gladiator is perfectly equipped for those for whom off-road is a lifestyle. Offering a best-in-class trailering of 7,650 pounds and/or a max payload of 1,700 pounds, for a consumer choosing the Gladiator, they will be getting the unstoppable beast.

2.1 Honda Ridgeline's distinctive styling

When the 2021 Ridgeline Black Edition arrived at my house, it was the first time I had seen any all-new Ridgeline in person. At an event in San Antonio, I had seen the styling exercise for the original 2006, but that doesn't count. Looks are subjective, and thankfully so, since a short trip around the 'net will show you that the Black Edition's wheels and related styling elements (plus the larger fore-and-aft styling revision) do not please everyone. Normally, I would complain about not being able to see through mesh wheels, but these are some darn sexy wheels. And overall, I like the look. Honda has striven hard for a tough truck look, and has mostly succeeded. I'll bet I'd like it even better in red (that San Antonio styling model was red). Given Honda's long known aversion to nose badges, the big RIDGELINE in back is interesting. Unfortunately, it's already coming off of my Black Edition barely a week into its life with me. Don't worry about identifying it as the Black Edition, though; it comes with a buttload of these little "dark chrome" badges. In a world full of trucks with fender flares, it's interesting to see a truck with black fenders instead. No worries on rust or parking lot dings, and actually it's good to see at least some break in the (to my eyes) current trend of everything getting fender flares. There is more actual protection on these fenders, should you actually take your Ridgeline off-road. Honda has quite wisely left the flares paint-matched on any color other than the black I have. Both ends of the Revision I Ridgeline (2020-2022) have been revised, and while I appreciate the effort on the front, I think I might have preferred they saved themselves some money and gone with black door handles and mirror caps on the rear. The bed and tailgate remain a thing of beauty and the reason to buy a Ridgeline. An in-bed trunk/toolbox! A tailgate that still opens to the side! An actual 4'x8' bed with no wheelhump compromises! Nowhere else can you get that, as the Maverick is only a 4'6" at the wheelhumps (having a dual-purpose product with the Focus doesn't help). The upcoming Hyundai Santa Cruz is a unibody and surely the 4'x8' was an "optimum compromise" on the Frontier's new wonderful-but-heavily-improved box. With Honda giving both the base RT and the upgraded Sport/RTL an infotainment and center stack almost completely unchanged in design but for the reorientation to a more horizontal layout, expect satisfaction to remain high.

2.2 Jeep Gladiator's rugged and iconic design

Jeep Gladiator's rugged and iconic design reflects its name with a touch of modernity, enhancing the car's character. The front features the traditional seven-slot Jeep grille, while the car's silhouette looks reminiscent of the Jeep Wrangler. The Gladiator is equipped with 17-inch alloy wheels, all-terrain tires, and skid plates. Not just for looks, the car's rugged design is also functional and serves a purpose. This can be seen with the available roll-up tonneau bed cover, spray-in bed liner, and a truck bed audio system. At the front, Dodge adds a unique folding windshield that is standard and exclusive to the Gladiator. A dozen bolts and the removal of four brackets is all it takes to fold the windshield down. The doors and roof can also be removed for open air driving, and this applies to every trim level. The SUV rear window, which is rolled down with a switch, is another unique feature that comes standard. These design features are unique and set the Gladiator apart as a serious, functional truck. (Sheik et al., 2023)

2.3 Comparison of exterior features

Thus, in terms of exterior features, Honda Ridgeline has set a new bar for pickups that its competitors have to follow. The distinctiveness in design accompanied with features more catered to the truck enthusiast would definitely make it a preferred choice compared to picking the Jeep Gladiator footballed off from a Wrangler Platform.

The Honda Ridgeline offers an available truck-bed audio system which the competitors like the Dodge Dakota, Ford Explorer Sport Trac, and GM's Midsize SUVs are unable to offer. This translates to a sophisticated way of saying that these vehicles simply lack a system to entertain people loading/unloading stuff from the rear. Moreover, Ridgeline's dual-action tailgate and its dent-resistant heavy-duty truck bed with 8 heavy-duty tie-down cleats do put the pickup in a league of its own. Hauling dirty and/or wet stuff will be no issue, and it also makes transporting things that require the tailgate to be half opened much easier.

Similarly, the taillights and the body lines for both pickups reflect their design philosophy. Ridgeline's taillights are an enhancement to its rear design, and so are the body lines, giving it a distinguishable modern look of a truck/SUV crossover. In contrast, Gladiator's taillights are average in design, and its box-style design lines reflect nothing more than any other pickup in the market today.

Honda Ridgeline has never looked good externally, but the all-new 2009 version does not only shine over the previous Ridgeline, but even stands out compared to all other typical pickups. On the other hand, the Gladiator with its rugged and distinctive Jeep look does command a presence, but being the first pickup from Jeep, it has little to show in terms of being a 'Gladiator'. This is more evident with the differences in headlight design of both the pickups. Honda Ridgeline has a stylish headlight while the Gladiator maintains the typical rugged look with squared lights. These squared lights give a strong impression of a Jeep, but compared to Ridgeline's design, they look outdated.

3. Performance and Capability

One of the biggest selling points for the Ridgeline is the way it drives. It is unibody-constructed and rides on a suspension that is more car-like than truck-like, while still having more ground clearance than the average crossover. Most people would agree that unibody construction would not be the ideal choice for an off-road vehicle. The Gladiator, however, is body-on-frame and uses solid axles in the front and rear, which is generally considered to be more durable than the Ridgeline’s independent rear suspension. The Jeep’s off-road capability is further enhanced with a low-range transfer case, skid plates, tow hooks, and an available locking rear differential. It’s clear that if you want to take your truck off the beaten path, the Gladiator is the superior choice. The Ridgeline is better suited for people who rarely need to leave the pavement, and who would otherwise buy an SUV if not for the occasional need to haul messy cargo or tow a trailer. In terms of towing and payload, the Ridgeline’s 5,000 lb towing capacity and 1,500 lb payload capacity doesn’t quite match the Gladiator’s 7,650 lb towing capacity and 1,700 lb payload capacity.

So, it’s safe to say that the Honda Ridgeline and Jeep Gladiator were designed with very different visions in mind. But which one does a better job at fulfilling its vision? The Gladiator has a pretty clear-cut mission: be better at off-roading and hauling stuff than anything else in the midsize pickup segment. What’s not as clear is the Ridgeline’s mission. Maybe it’s a truck for people who don’t like trucks, but still want something with an open bed. Maybe Honda is trying to give people a truck alternative that doesn’t really fit into any traditional truck category. Either way, the Ridgeline and Gladiator differ not only in what they are designed to do, but in the way they are designed to do it.

3.1 Honda Ridgeline's powerful engine and towing capacity

Honda's Ridgeline is equipped with only one powertrain option, a 3.5-liter V6 engine and a 6-speed automatic transmission delivering 280 horsepower and 262 lb-ft of torque. With its intelligent Variable Torque Management all-wheel drive system, it provides exceptional traction and can tow 2,268 kg (5,000 lb). The Ridgeline's light-duty unibody construction doesn't enable it to truly flex its muscles, meaning that it can tow your bikes with ease but when it comes to pulling a 30 ft travel trailer over the Duffey Lake Road, the Ridgeline won't inspire much confidence. Honda also equips the RTL AWD and the Black Edition with a heavy-duty transmission cooler for those of you that are really serious about towing. With an independent front and rear suspension setup, the Ridgeline has car-like handling providing a smooth and comfortable ride, but it does mean that payload capacity is compromised coming in at 713 kg (1,572 lb) across all trim levels. The Honda's available in-bed trunk and dual-action tailgate provide some truly innovative storage solutions for the weekend warrior and add a great deal of convenience when compared to traditional truck design, but they are features that are seldom used in an off-road environment.

3.2 Jeep Gladiator's off-road prowess and payload capacity

Despite being a common modification on pickup trucks, most manufacturers have been slow to cater to off-road enthusiasts in regards to making a vehicle that is fit for purpose, and those wanting to spare factory spec will typically have to add a lift kit, larger tires, a rear differential, and possibly have to modify the vehicle to install a transfer case if the vehicle is 2WD. This is where the Honda Ridgeline seriously falls behind as it is only available as a 4WD and the AWD system is not suitable for off-road driving in comparison to the Jeep Gladiator's heavily praised off-road system. The latest Ridgeline boasts VTM-4 torque vectoring system and an intelligent AWD system with an i-VTM4 rear differential, which is an improvement from previous models but unclear if it is a suitable choice for moderate to heavy off-road conditions. The Jeep Gladiator's command-trac and rock-trac 4x4 system combined with front and rear heavy-duty Dana 44 axles and Tru-Lok locking differentials is said to be industry-leading, and the overall system has seen full marks in regards to owner satisfaction. Those looking for all-terrain or off-road tires in the Ridgeline's stock wheel size will be limited to choices between highway terrain (if your Ridgeline was in 2WD) or General Grabber AT2's, as that is about the only all-terrain choice for 18-inch wheels available in the Ridgeline's stock tire size. This is in comparison to the Gladiator which comes factory equipped with 32" BFGoodrich KM3 mud-terrain tires, which on paper and by reputation are quite a fierce tire. Other measures in the Gladiator's design that increase its off-road capability include a shorter wheelbase, higher ride height, improved approach and departure angles along with higher ground clearance. These are all common modifications on vehicles intended for off-road use and to those have come at the sacrifice of on-road performance and ride quality. In use of the Jeep Gladiator's enhancements to off-road performance they have not sacrificed any payload capacity, the Gladiator boasts a 1600lb payload capacity, and although is admittedly less than some pickup trucks, it is an impressive figure for a vehicle intended for off-road use, which is added assurance to those who use the truck for both work and play. (Klinich, 2023)

3.3 Comparison of performance and capability features

The Ridgeline is offered with only one engine, a 3.5-liter V6, but don't worry, this isn't the same V6 you would find in a Honda Pilot. This is Honda's J35 engine, which is capable of putting out 280 horsepower and 264 lb-ft of torque. The V6 is mated to a 6-speed automatic. While not having as many gears as some of the competition, the transmission is smooth and crisp, which makes for some great gear changes. Variable Cylinder Management (VCM) is also employed in an effort to help fuel efficiency during lighter loads. When it comes to towing capacity, the Ridgeline is capable of handling 3,500 lbs on 2WD models and 5,000 lbs on AWD models. All things considered, this J35 engine should be enough to move and tow most things within reason. However, with no option for heavy-duty users who need to tow in excess of 5,000 lbs, it might not be enough for some. Step in the Jeep Gladiator.

It has been said that the true test of a truck is in its payload and towing capacity. Pickup trucks are generally used for some kind of work, and while it might not always be heavy lifting, there will be a time when the owner needs to move or tow something larger than a couch. Thus, it is important to have a truck that can handle such loads. In the midsize segment, both the Honda Ridgeline and Jeep Gladiator offer great towing and payload options, but which is the best for what you get?

3.4 Fuel efficiency and driving dynamics

Many people make the argument that the body/frame setup is better in that it makes the vehicle better suited for towing, off-roading, and durability. Although that argument is mostly true, Honda boasts that the Ridgeline has a higher towing capacity and almost the same payload capacity, and that it handles those tasks substantially better than other conventional body/frame midsize trucks such as the Toyota Tacoma. If you are interested in the Ridgeline, you very well may compare models between these two, so the handling and capacity information makes for a useful point of reference.

As for drivability, they both handle very well, but the Ridgeline has a smoother, more car-like feel to it, and the steering is far less weighty compared to the Gladiator's more impactful feel. This is all due to the fact that the Ridgeline is built on a unibody frame, while the Gladiator is built on the more rugged body-on-frame method.

When it comes to gasoline, it's a no-brainer that smaller engines just line up better with the job of saving money. The Honda Ridgeline comes with a 3.5-liter, 280-horsepower V6 engine and gets an EPA estimated 19/26 city/hwy. Compare that with the Jeep Gladiator's EPA estimated 16/23 city/hwy, and it's plain to see that the Ridgeline puts less stress on your wallet as far as consuming fuel.

4. Interior and Technology

The Gladiator's standout interior feature relative to every other pickup is its rear seat. It's much roomier than its competitors, and can offer one of the child-seat-friendly attributes midsize pickups used to be known for. The bottom cushions flip up cinema-style against the backrest to reveal a hidden storage area, which is neat, but the best part is what's under those: the floor is a hinge-out panel with a built-in lad and recessed storage pails. Between this and the ample cabin storage console, the Gladiator is the most gee-whiz storage-optimized vehicle in the segment. But the rest of the interior is not so stellar. The door aperture is narrow, and the front seating position is awkwardly knees-up due to the high floor and low-slung seats. High altitude die-hards will want the available Waterproof Active-8 seats and wash-out interior, but these come only on the Sport S and Rubicon at a steep $450.

This verdict follows through to the interior, where the Gladiator doesn't impress as much. Its cabin is less refined and comfortable than the Ridgeline's, but the Jeep tries to make up for it with more versatile interior features and some clever innovations in the back seat. Honda's design team can apparently still afford to put a little wood and brushed metal in their cabin, and the materials are a lot more pleasant than those in the average pickup (especially in our top-of-the-line test vehicle). The Ridgeline is effectively a gussied-up SUV (or possibly even a minivan) in terms of interior feel and comfort, which depending on your preconceptions is either very good or very bad.

4.1 Honda Ridgeline's comfortable and well-equipped cabin

Honda's interiors are always top-notch, but Jeep's interiors are of a rugged nature. Honda's Ridgeline is no different and comes with one of the most spacious and comfortable cabins in the class, with space for adults both front and rear, as well as unique under-seat storage. The Honda Ridgeline is a unibody pickup truck, meaning it's built on a car-like structure, just like crossover SUVs, while the Jeep Gladiator is a body-on-frame truck, meaning it's built just like traditional trucks on a ladder-like frame. There are many more SUVs in the world than traditional trucks, and unibody construction allows for better ride comfort, handling, and interior space, while also improving safety. It's largely this reason why the midsize crossover SUV segment and midsize car segment have largely replaced their respective midsize SUV and midsize sedan segments. The Honda Ridgeline is built upon the same light-duty platform that underpins the Acura MDX and Honda Pilot crossovers, which are both themselves larger relatives of the Honda Accord sedan. In other words, the Ridgeline's underpinnings are more akin to a family crossover than a typical truck, which is a very good thing. The Ridgeline primarily competes with the top-trim versions of the Chevrolet Colorado, GMC Canyon, Toyota Tacoma and Ford Ranger, and a quick look at the specifications will show that it's the most spacious truck in the segment. Front seat passengers will find that Honda's excellent front seats have been positioned relatively close to the dashboard in relation to the dash's height, and there's plenty of head, leg, shoulder, and hip room on offer. Moving through to the rear, we find that the Ridgeline is also the largest truck for rear seat passengers, with more legroom and shoulder room than any competitor. The rear seats offer plenty of headroom and a comfortable seatback angle, and both they and the front seats offer plenty of under-thigh support, so it's a great truck for longer journeys. Only the Ridgeline offers seating for five, as all competitors have a large center console which reduces seating capacity to four. High quality materials, fit, and finish can be found throughout the cabin, and the control layout is straightforward. All 2019 Ridgelines come with a large 8-inch infotainment touchscreen. This is what Honda calls its "Display Audio" system, and it's the same interface used in other Honda products. It's a good system with logically arranged menus, Apple CarPlay, Android Auto, and a physical volume knob. Although the screen is a bit of a reach, the dash isn't particularly tall, so forward visibility is excellent. Other key points include a large center console box, good small item storage, and excellent noise isolation, contributing to a serene cabin ambiance. The only downside to the Ridgeline's interior is that the driver's seat of the previous generation (version 1) could be adjusted lower for tall drivers, while the new generation has lost this ability. However, the higher seating position of the Ridgeline compared to a typical sedan or SUV makes it much easier to enter and exit. Overall, the Ridgeline is simply an exceedingly comfortable and user-friendly truck.

4.2 Jeep Gladiator's versatile interior and advanced technology

Unlike the Ridgeline, the Gladiator interior features the most technologically advanced and smartphone-friendly infotainment system that FCA could muster. That does not necessarily mean it is that good. The 7.0- or an optional 8.4-inch touchscreen is readily available in every model except the base Sport, and is equipped with navigation and a plethora of other features. The system is simple and easy to use; however, without many physical buttons for quick access to features, it is easy to find yourself lost in the menu on the go. The base model comes with a standard package featuring a 5.0-inch touchscreen, and is also offered the same system as in other models minus the built-in navigation. Bluetooth and app pairing is standard across the lineup and features Apple CarPlay and Android Auto integration. The Gladiator's interior is also a much more robust environment compared to the Ridgeline's. It is able to be hosed out if the carpet gets filthy, there's a clever Bluetooth wireless speaker hidden behind the rear seats, and even a built-in power supply to plug in electronics. Though only offered on the top-end trim levels, it can also be equipped with an optional trail cam, giving you a clear view of the path ahead at various speeds and access to the camera when in low range four-wheel drive and the front and rear lockers are engaged.

4.3 Comparison of interior and technology features

Moving on to the entertainment system, both vehicles offer Satellite Radio, Bluetooth, and power outlets, but the audio system in the Ridgeline is more powerful with 540 watts and 8 speakers around the cabin. Lastly, in terms of the climate system, the Ridgeline has a single zone but it is more effective in fast cooling, plus a tri-zone climate control in the backseat, while the Gladiator has dual zone to control the front and backseat.

The Ridgeline offers an 8-inch touch screen display that can connect to Apple and Android devices. It is also well-attached with steering and has a large physical volume knob. While the Gladiator has various touch screen sizes starting from 5, 7, and 8 inches depending on the trim level, it is still lagging behind the Ridgeline that cannot connect to Apple devices, and the touch screen system is more responsive if compared to a lower size. The navigation system in both vehicles is very reliable, but the Gladiator still has the edge in displaying turn-by-turn routes since it is easier to understand.

The materials quality of both vehicles, especially the Honda Ridgeline, is very interesting to compare since both are using high-quality materials to cover the interior. The materials in the Ridgeline are very similar to the Pilot SUV's premium materials. The Gladiator will use better materials compared to the Wrangler since this is a new model and more upscale. The Ridgeline will also offer a larger room for the rear seat due to the unibody frame, while the Gladiator will offer foldable rear seats which can provide more room for storage. Both vehicles also feature a modern technological system such as a touch screen display, navigation system, Satellite Radio, Bluetooth connection, power outlets, and a multi-zone climate system.

References:

Poplin, W. M. & Poplin, C. A., 2023. Acceleration Modeling with Constant Power. wpoplin.com

MEAL, T., 2020. Thanksgiving day. owossoindependent.com

Sheik, A. T., Maple, C., Epiphaniou, G., & Dianati, M., 2023. A Comprehensive Survey of Threats in Platooning—A Cloud-Assisted Connected and Autonomous Vehicle Application. Information. mdpi.com

Klinich, K. D., 2023. Survey of Vehicle Controls and Displays. umich.edu