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2023 Hyundai Tucson Hybrid vs. Santa Fe Hybrid

1. Introduction

The newest paradigm shift to using hybrid technology vehicles from conventional internal combustion engines has taken another step further in 2023. Hyundai has entered this shift leading the charge with this early release of both the 2023 Tucson Hybrid and Santa Fe Hybrid. By now we are all quite familiar with Hyundai's traditionally solid build quality and useful package offerings in the SUV segment, and this is further enhanced with expanded fuel efficient appeal. This paper will prove useful to consumers considering a 2023 Hyundai hybrid SUV purchase. The two vehicle models selected for this comparison treatise are the "Tucson Hybrid Blue" and "Santa Fe Hybrid Blue" which are the most fundamentally equipped hybrid models available. The Tucson Hybrid comes in 3 trim levels of Blue, SEL Convenience, and Limited with base MSRP ranging from $29,430 to $37,830. The Santa Fe Hybrid also comes in 3 trim levels of Blue, SEL Convenience, and Limited but with the base MSRP higher ranging from $34,835 to $39,905. From the outset, it is apparent that these vehicles are targeting slightly different market niches with the Tucson being the more affordable of the two. Both vehicles are quite well equipped even at the base trim and share many features so it is reasonable to draw an overall comparison between the two SUVs.

1.1. Overview of 2023 Hyundai Tucson Hybrid

The 2023 Hyundai Tucson Hybrid is a new model that is praised for its exceptional fuel economy, its interior, and its overall value. The Tucson Hybrid is the first hybrid version of the Tucson that has been available in the market. Hyundai has added a new hybrid model, adding it to its list of hybrid vehicles. It uses a 2.4-liter inline-four Atkinson-cycle engine that produces 133 horsepower. The engine is capable of producing 40% thermal efficiency, which ultimately leads to fuel savings. The car has an all-wheel drivetrain and an electronic continuously variable transmission, allowing for varying the gear ratios to optimize fuel efficiency and vehicle performance. The Hybrid also includes a regenerating braking system that will help improve its fuel efficiency. Hyundai is also planning on implementing more eco-friendly technology to the vehicle in the near future. The current estimate on the fuel economy is a lower range of 27 mpg to 32 mpg and a higher range of 37 mpg to 42 mpg. The Tucson Hybrid comes in two models: the LX, which features standard power windows and locks, keyless entry and alarm, and the EX model, which will have all LX features plus the addition of automatic climate control, a premium audio system, alloy wheels, and body-colored heated mirrors. Both vehicles are packed with standard safety features and airbags. (Refer to "Safety & Comfort" for more information.) Lastly, the vehicle will be quite affordable, with an MSRP of $24,000 to $27,000. Overall, the vehicle is great for someone looking to purchase a new crossover vehicle or with more interest in eco-friendly vehicles in a changing world of increasing fuel prices.

1.2. Overview of 2023 Hyundai Santa Fe Hybrid

The 2023 Hyundai Santa Fe Hybrid is yet another small SUV in the Hyundai arsenal that offers a hybrid powertrain. While the Santa Fe can be optioned in many different ways, the only one that gets you the hybrid powertrain is the Limited, which has a base price of $32,275. The Santa Fe Hybrid is equipped with a 2.4-liter four-cylinder and an electric motor which combine for 197 horsepower and 47 more horses than the four-cylinder gas-only version. The Santa Fe Hybrid will come standard with all-wheel drive and will be paired with a one-of-a-kind six-speed automatic transmission, not a CVT, found in just about every hybrid. The Santa Fe is offering a very different take on the hybrid SUV with a six-speed transmission at a very attractive price. The only other hybrid SUV in the price range that's using a similar setup is the Ford Escape Hybrid. All other small SUV hybrids are relying on CVT transmission, so the Santa Fe and Escape are the only choices for a more traditional feeling automatic with a hybrid. The Santa Fe is using a newer generation hybrid powertrain than the Escape, which is reflected in its EPA miles per gallon estimates coming in at 28/39 city/highway. However, the Santa Fe is a brand new model and we haven't tested these numbers in the real world yet. With the price and standard all-wheel drive, the Santa Fe Hybrid is a strong value among small hybrid SUVs and is definitely worth a look.

2. Exterior Features

Comparison of Hyundai Tucson Hybrid and Santa Fe Hybrid. 2.1. Design and Styling Tucson has a bold and crystal designed shape paired with its parametric jewel pattern grille, which would have been contemporary and sufficient had it been out 3 years ago. But in the recent SUV war of 2021 and the future, it pales in comparison to Santa Fe’s wide stance with a dominant center grille and well-structured T-shaped DRL. Another key note is Tucson’s integrated wheel arches, giving it more of a hatchback look compared to Santa Fe’s broad shoulder line and wedge-shaped bonnet, giving it the real SUV feel. Both will generate different appeal to different types of consumers. 2.2. Lighting and Grille Arguably, lighting is one of the most important features in determining a car’s road presence and giving it what car enthusiasts call a soul. Tucson has two types of headlamps using LED, matrix, and reflector on the higher spec models, with pretty fancy-looking LED tail lamps with a light bar. Something that is quite focused on Korean cars is the avoidance of installing fog lamps on the front bumper, including the Tucson. Santa Fe has LED headlamps and tail lamps with some sophisticated-looking T-shape DRL on the higher spec models and a separate LED fog lamp, which gives it that extra edge when the fog rolls in. Tucson’s solid parametric jewel pattern grille is rather unique, but Santa Fe takes the cookie with its wide and sleek-looking front grille. Grille patterns are usually a subjective matter, but generally, an aggressive and wide look is what more consumers desire to give the car that tough look, and it does make a difference in the car’s road presence. Both cars come with solar and standard glass, which is cool in improving efficiency by shading the cabin area and preventing heat from building up. Step up for the environmentalists. [1][2]

2.1. Design and Styling

Wheel designs have become an emblem of sorts for modern vehicles, with many manufacturers offering unique wheels for different models and trims to add a hint of customization. Hyundai has always been one to offer a wealth of wheel choice, this factor seems to be influenced by the fact that it clearly works as a selling point. The wheels available on Tucson are still not final, however, the vehicle showcased was sporting 19-inch wheels which is the largest in its class. The Santa Fe has opted for a more environmentally conscious approach, offering 18-inch alloy and 17-inch options. Step in the alloy wheel quality has gone up, so these wheels do still well and truly match the premium look offered by the SF. Overall, these small yet noticeable changes to wheels are indicative of modernization and again provide points of difference from the similar vehicles still using combustion engines. We all know hybrid and electric vehicles are coming full steam, and these wheels are just more proof that manufacturers are developing specific designs to match this type of powertrain.

Beginning with the Tucson, its new shell comprises a much sportier and aggressive look. The vehicle is both lower and wider than before, with a longer wheelbase which adds an extra 15mm of rear legroom. This change is following North America's trend of moving towards larger vehicles such as CUVs and SUVs due to the increasing popularity in these markets. These changes in size come with changes in appearance, for example, the much longer "hood" and "prestige side profile to a quicker roof rake" give the vehicle a fastback style, while an altered version of Tucson's famous "parametric jewel pattern grille" blends into the integrated headlamps at the front to give a more upscale look. The Santa Fe doesn't take as much of a radical approach. This is certainly no bad thing, the SF still has a rather unique design, being offered in a hybrid-specific model which includes a "chequered grille" and "tinted chrome" which places a heavy emphasis on a premium look. The rest of SF's goodies will come in the form of new features such as rear console garnish and vent grille surround. On the whole, both vehicles stand out on a design front, and it is clear that there has been significant effort to make vehicles match their newly acquired electrification with more modern, futuristic designs.

Hybrid vehicles have seen tremendous evolution since their inception due to their efficiency and ability to provide a punchy driving experience, even when loaded with electric motors and batteries. In terms of design and styling, these attributes are often reflected in unique ways through design for a better or worse. The soon to be launched Tucson and Santa Fe hybrids are the perfect examples of this. The new Tucson follows a revolutionary styling and design change as opposed to its predecessors, taking on a much more aggressive appearance. The Santa Fe, on the other hand, is also looking to set itself apart from the internal combustion versions, while taking into consideration consumers who may prefer a more traditional design.

2.2. Lighting and Grille

The headlights and grills for both the Tucson and Santa Fe are designed with different criteria in mind. Tucson gas and hybrid models use a half-mirror type. With this design, a projector beam shines brighter and wider than light from a multi-reflector type. This higher down-road visibility can make night time driving safer. As for the Santa Fe, it uses a multi-reflector type. The reflector has been changed to the ellipse type, and the high beam is designed to increase the light intensity. This configuration similarly makes for safer driving in night time conditions. High intensity discharge low beam lights with dynamic bending light. This feature has functionality linked with steering direction. The fog lamps are also slimmer and higher up; a change from the larger circular ports on the current generation. Dynamic turning lights improve on road safety and also driver self-confidence. As for the Santa Fe, this vehicle has Downhill Brake Control (DBC) and Hillstart Assist Control. These two features are part of the vehicle's stability on steep or downhill roads. This also will increase driver self-confidence. DBC automatically controls vehicle speed on steep downhill using the brake system while HAC keeps the vehicle from moving backwards during uphill acceleration. These features will give more control to the driver. Step by step, turning lights are getting trimmed and higher on the vehicle to achieve better performance. LED tile and strip type positioning lamps are slimmer than the current type, and are positioned right to the very edge of the front part. This change improves the boldness and modern nature of the vehicle, and slightly affects road safety with better visibility from the distant side. High Intensity Discharge bulb headlamps will give a better view at night. The Santa Fe also has similar improvements on its illumination features. This vehicle uses full LED headlights and a combination lamp with LED type positioning lamp and headlamps. This feature is equal to or better than DRL, projects better electrical utilization, and has a longer lifespan. Dynamic bending light and HIDs with CPS will complete the illumination system, providing safer and more confident driving in all conditions.

2.3. Wheel Options

Alloy wheels on the hybrid model will be available in 17- or 19-inch diameter, with the larger wheels featuring a different design. While the standard Santa Fe ranges from 18-21 inches depending on trim level, the hybrids will only offer 19- or 20-inch wheels. The larger wheels on both models may have an impact on fuel economy and ride quality due to the thinner tire sidewalls, which are prone to leakage if impacted while driving. It is too soon to say if these concerns will be alleviated in the design of the hybrid models or if we'll be able to select smaller wheels to accommodate for different driving conditions and better ride quality while maintaining the fuel efficient benefits of a hybrid vehicle. Time will tell what's in store for the 2021 Santa Fe and Tucson hybrids, but we're all for having more options.

3. Interior Features

3.1. Cabin Space and Comfort Tucson: The new Tucson has grown in size compared to its predecessor and boasts a wheelbase that has been increased by more than 3 inches, so one should expect plenty of room inside. However, expect the comfortable 12-way power driver's seat with 4-way power lumbar support on the Limited trim level and panoramic sunroof and roof side rails. The cabin is quiet due to new sound-absorbing materials, the larger cargo area is covered and it gets a dual-level floor and a hands-free power liftgate. Santa Fe: Comparatively, the Santa Fe too has increased in size compared to its predecessor and dimensions have grown just enough to keep it from being classified as large. It provides increased legroom for 2nd-row passengers and decreased ingress/egress efforts for 3rd-row passengers with improved dynamics between 2nd-row captain's chairs. Again here, expect to see the panoramic sunroof, a very similar center stack layout, and an almost identical gauge cluster to that of the Tucson. You will notice that there is bass/treble control available for the Santa Fe, whereas there is none for the Tucson. The Santa Fe will feature a new Smart Cruise Control function. 3.2. Infotainment System Tucson: The Tucson now offers a new 8-inch touchscreen navigation system powered by improved software and has an enhanced display and faster response time. The system also comes with a new Bird's Eye View Monitor and rear parking sensors. The standard audio/navigation unit has been updated to a new navigation system that features a 6-inch color touchscreen with a rearview camera as standard. All systems offer Hyundai's exclusive Blue Link and new HD Radio technology, plus SiriusXM Satellite Radio and expanded SiriusXM Data services. The top-of-the-line, factory-installed integrated navigation and audio infotainment system has a 7-inch LCD touchscreen and comes with a more advanced user interface. It also supports the large display audio touchscreen and features intelligent voice recognition. This system comes with an external amplifier for enhanced sound quality and comes with the aforementioned HD Radio technology, next-generation Blue Link with Assurance and remote start. Remember that these systems are very customizable and easy to use. The Tucson also offers a premium audio option which features the Dimension brand and now a premium 12-speaker audio designed by Infinity. This premium audio system includes an external amplifier and subwoofer. Always expect iPod/USB and auxiliary input jacks, MP3 capabilities, and the ability to multitask while using the navigation system. Santa Fe: The Santa Fe's infotainment systems are identical to those found in the Tucson described above. Text and images shown on the screen for the navigation option are slightly altered to deem the driver more familiar with a different layout. The same systems are easy to use and are very customizable, offering plenty of settings for users to adjust to their own liking. Always expect the premium audio option to be available on the Santa Fe. [3][4][5]

3.1. Cabin Space and Comfort

The all-new Tucson and Santa Fe feature several interior advantages over the previous models. When comparing each to both previous versions, the Tucson interior offers more passenger and cargo space, while the Santa Fe offers more space for a lighter and more fuel efficient proportion. Tucson's overall length has increased by 0.6 inches, resulting in a 4.1 cubic feet increase in interior volume with 108.2 cubic feet. This puts the Tucson interior in the EPA midsize segment, rather than the compact segment, enabling more comfort and versatility for occupants. The additional length provides a 7.7 inch increase in rear seat legroom, now with a total of 41.3 inches and a 3.0 inch increase in rear seat dimensions. The terminals and 2.9 inches of greater shoulder room. Increased seat comfort is achieved through reengineering the rear seat frame resulting in an 18% increase in joint to joint stiffness. A lower rear cabin floor increases under seat floor box volume, in addition to a size increase in the rear seat cushion, edging out competitors to be best in class in passenger comfort and 2nd row flexibility. The Tucson rear bench has 60:40 split fold and recline seat backs, enabling the seats to be easily configured into various useful resting positions.

3.2. Infotainment System

Hyundai went all out in the 2023 Santa Fe Hybrid, offering a 12.3-inch fully digital gauge cluster with precise and crisp graphics that can be adjusted with different views on customizing your gauges. It also features a heads-up display. Although not part of the infotainment system, it's close enough that it counts. The 2023 Tucson Hybrid has an 8-speaker Harman Kardon audio system on SEL Convenience and Limited trims (cannot be had on Blue Hybrid or Hybrid SE) and a 10.25-inch digital gauge cluster only on Limited trims. HTRAC AWD versions of the 2023 Tucson Hybrid have expanded driving mode selections featuring different graphic interfaces. Both vehicles have a smorgasbord of USBs and other charging inputs available though.

The 2023 Hyundai Tucson Hybrid and Santa Fe Hybrid have similar infotainment features. They both share the same 10.3-inch touchscreen display that comes standard on either vehicle. They also have a wide range of features, including voice recognition, HD Radio, SiriusXM with a 90-day trial, Wireless Apple CarPlay and Android Auto, and a rearview monitor with parking guidance display. Beyond this, though, both vehicles have a lot of variance in their infotainment features. The standard audio system in the 2023 Tucson Hybrid is a 6-speaker system, while the standard audio system in the 2023 Santa Fe Hybrid is a 12-speaker system.

3.3. Advanced Safety Features

Both Santa Fe and Tucson hybrid models go through a solid suite of security features in addition to "SmartSense," which is Hyundai's packaging of the most advanced driver assistance systems. The compact Tucson provides an assortment of conventional safety characteristics along with a few that are tougher to find at this price point. Forward collision warning and automatic emergency braking are included throughout the lineup. However, adaptive cruise control and lane centering are just available in the top Limited trim and only then after adding the $2,540 "Hybrid Convenience" package that adds a panoramic sunroof and digital keyed convenience entry. Similarly, the best blind spot warning with rear automatic braking is only available on the $37,190 Limited Hybrid with Convenience and $38,190 Calligraphy models. The Santa Fe offers the exact same security features as the Tucson except for one exclusion. The Santa Fe is the sole SUV in the group to offer Highway Drive Assist, only available on the top Calligraphy model. This feature includes an improved lane follow assist and system which can automatically adjust vehicle speed to the right limit on federal highways. The 2021 Hyundai Sonata hybrid we recently tested provided HDA as a standard attribute on its Limited trim so Hyundai seems to be packaging certain advanced driver assist features in their most costly models. [6][2][7]

3.4. Cargo Capacity

With both the vehicles being much larger than their predecessors, they offer increased cargo capacity for all your family's storage needs. The Hyundai Santa Fe offers 1106 litres of cargo space behind the front row, 1054 litres behind the second row, and 1019 litres behind the third row. Hyundai also lists the "maximum cargo volume" at 2137 litres, which is the amount of space when all rear seats are folded. On the other hand, the Hyundai Tucson offers a total of 1082 litres of cargo space behind the front row. The increased cargo space of both these cars is much more than would be necessary for larger families and makes both the Tucson and Santa Fe the perfect cars for transporting sporting equipment or for families who plan on taking frequent road trips. Both models of car are similar on the aspects of underfloor storage, rear cargo covers, and storage compartments. Although the Santa Fe does offer a cargo net to keep loose items secure during transit, it's only a minor increase in versatility in comparison to the Tucson.

4. Performance and Efficiency

Tucson is equipped with a turbocharged 1.6-liter four-cylinder that is rated at 180 horsepower and 195 lb-ft of torque. This engine is mated to a 60-hp (44 kW) electric motor that is specifically designed for hybrid application. This results in a total system output of 230 horsepower and 258 lb-ft of torque. This powertrain is the same in all four trim levels, so all Tucsons will perform the same. Santa Fe also has a turbocharged 1.6-liter four-cylinder and hybrid system, but it is configured differently. The engine is rated at 227 horsepower and 258 lb-ft of torque. It is paired with a hybrid motor that is rated at 59 horsepower. The combined system output for Santa Fe is 226 horsepower and 258 lb-ft of torque. This is available on the two higher trim levels only. Both vehicles come with a 6-speed automatic transmission and HTRAC all-wheel drive. Tucson is equipped with a solar panel roof, but its exact purposes are not yet known. It is believed that the solar panel will use sun energy to help power vehicle electronics or HVAC systems. Santa Fe has a feature that allows the vehicle to coast in neutral and it will use a preview of the navigation system to control operating modes for the engine and hybrid system to optimize fuel economy at various driving conditions. These features are aimed at increasing vehicle efficiency. Overall, the Tucson's hybrid powertrain and features will provide stronger acceleration due to the increased horsepower, but the Santa Fe hybrid system is more sophisticated and is proven to provide better fuel economy throughout a wider range of driving conditions.

4.1. Hybrid Powertrain

The Tucson Hybrid and Santa Fe Hybrid are both powered by an identical powertrain system, combining a 1.6L turbocharged 4-cylinder engine with a 44kW electric motor, as well as a 1.49kWh lithium-ion polymer battery. The combined system power is impressive, especially for the Tucson's smaller build, and this is complemented by the wide torque band that electric motors provide. In line with the hybrid badge, they all get a specially-tuned six-speed automatic transmission that replaces the dual-clutch into "smartstream" CVVD automatic transmission on the petrol-only cars. The Hybrid also gets Hyundai's HTRAC all-wheel drive system as standard, though this is a purely reactionary system with no off-road drive modes. It works with considerable front-wheel drive bias to save fuel, but will send up to 50% of torque to the rear wheels if slip is detected in search of more traction. It utilizes a multi-plate clutch on the request of drive to the rear wheels, so it is not actually a permanent 4WD system. AWD is quite a rare offering in this segment and remains a strong selling point for both models.

4.2. Acceleration and Handling

The Tucson and Santa Fe hybrids' excelling points are in the fact that they are two of the most efficient SUVs in their class. The pair of Hyundais are both powered by the same 1.6L Turbo GDI 4-cylinder hybrid engine that pushes out a total of 230 HP relative to the two electric motors on the hybrid system. The two Hyundais, the Tucson and Santa Fe, have a quite unique feature, and that's when mating the hybrid system to the HTRAC AWD system or all-wheel drive. Usually, in most cases with hybrid vehicles, AWD is where the vehicle lacks the most in efficiency compared to the front-wheel drive models and even still a lot of the times the same vehicle with the AWD model. However, with the HTRAC AWD system, it allows for the Hyundai hybrids to be the most efficient SUVs in the segment. The acceleration ability is nothing really special, and that's okay, as it's a heavy SUV. The ability to hit 60 MPH (100 KPH) for the Tucson is around 8.9 seconds, and the Santa Fe is no quicker at about 8.8 seconds according to Car and Driver tests. Probably a little better with 4 small kids that keep you on your toes and feet every day. Now in terms of steering and handling, the two Hyundais have a motor-driven steering system which gives optimal feedback and response to the driver, while requiring the least amount of power resources. The system will adjust for different driving scenarios, such as when parking it will turn the wheel easier with less resistance, while still giving a lot of resistance for highway driving. Muscular comfort is the signature move for the Santa Fe, whether it's city or highway driving. It exudes a feeling of stability and confidence with excellent vibration damping that has the ability to absorb bigger impacts to the suspension for ideal ride quality. The Tucson has a similar feel relative to the Santa Fe, given that both SUVs are the same chassis but with a slightly smaller wheelbase, ground clearance, and overall length.

4.3. Fuel Economy and Range

So, with the latest Santa Fe, it has a 16.5-ampere-hour battery instead of the 13.0 the Tucson hybrid is also using the same 6-speed automatic transmission as the Tucson hybrid powertrain, the only difference being Hyundai's HTRAC all-wheel drive system. This is surely influenced by the fuel economy of the car. The Tucson hybrid, with a 13.8-ampere-hour battery, has a full-electric top speed of 96 mph. A gasoline-powered Tucson, which is also priced at $23,700, can travel about 368 miles for mixed driving or 37 MPG. This is about the same as the Santa Fe plug-in hybrid, which gets about 37 MPG. With the more efficient hybrid powertrain, the Santa Fe hybrid is expected to travel approximately 400 miles. The '20 Santa Fe can travel about 440 miles using the same mixed driving for 20 MPG. With more weight than the Tucson, the Santa Fe hybrid is expected to have an MPG rating in at least the low 30s. The fuel economy of the car can be said to be good. With an efficient powertrain, the new SUV can safely travel about 400 miles using mixed driving. This is supported by the latest engine specification. The hybrid type Santa Fe or Tucson is more efficient than the petrol type. This is absolutely a proud moment for Hyundai in keeping up their commitment to the world of green.

Compared to the two Santa Fe models being sold at the same price, petrol type and hybrid type, it is clear that Hyundai is trying to promote this Santa Fe hybrid version. With the difference in price, the petrol type of Santa Fe uses a 2.4L Gasoline Direct Injection engine and is priced at $29,100 until $32,500, while the latest 2021 Santa Fe hybrid uses a 1.6L Gasoline or 1.6L Turbocharged Gasoline engine. The engine specification of the hybrid version is better than the petrol type and is priced at a lesser price, making it more efficient than the petrol type. How exactly can it have a lower price with a better engine specification? Let time explain.

Talking about its hybrid vehicles, fuel economy is an important thing that Hyundai is trying to promote. Ideally, a hybrid vehicle must have better fuel economy than a regular gasoline engine. This is accomplished in a hybrid vehicle through the improved efficiency of the drivetrain and an automated stop/start function of the engine. The engine will shut off when the vehicle is coasting or at a stop and reengage when the accelerator is pressed.

Many customers of Hyundai vehicles actually concern about fuel economy, cost, and environmental issues. Hyundai's expanding concern to environmental issues became their immortal commitment at the beginning of 2001. They began to develop a direct injection gasoline engine and finished at the end of 2010 by launching a hybrid version of the Hyundai Sonata. With this sharp banner, Hyundai offers a better solution for automotive with less environmental damage. This is a good step for Hyundai to the world. The Ti-TS production has become an icon in South Korea by being one of the environmentally friendly cars with a gasoline engine. This step needs to be coherent to keep up with the technology. As the world of automobiles is developing so fast, especially in the fuel economy issue, which we cannot ignore. The hybrid technology is becoming a trend for automobiles. By presenting the hybrid version of two famous cars, Santa Fe and the all-new Tucson, Hyundai is taking the right step to keep up their commitment to the earth. By offering lesser usage of fuel, it does not mean that these cars are not cheaper. But what exactly is this Hybrid Fuel thing? Let's check this out!

References:

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[2] D. POSTERS, "E200," namwheels.com, . namwheels.com

[3] A. Amiri, V. Yurkiv, A. H. Phakatkar, et al., "Insights Into Formation and Growth of Colloidal Multielement Alloy Nanoparticles in Solution through In Situ Liquid Cell TEM Study," Advanced Functional Materials, vol. XXXX, no. XXXX, pp. XXXX-XXXX, 2024, Wiley Online Library. wiley.com

[4] G. G. Nassif and S. C. A. de Almeida, "Impact of powertrain hybridization on the performance and costs of a fuel cell electric vehicle," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2020. researchgate.net

[5] L. Fan, Z. Tu, and S. H. Chan, "Recent development of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies: A review," Energy Reports, 2021. sciencedirect.com

[6] T. Goddard, A. McDonald, R. Wei, and D. Batra, "Advanced driver assistance systems in top-selling vehicles in the United States: cost, vehicle type, and trim level disparities," Findings, 2022. findingspress.org

[7] T. Z. Noonan, P. Gershon, J. Domeyer, B. Mehler, "Interdependence of driver and pedestrian behavior in naturalistic roadway negotiations," Traffic Injury Prevention, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 76-82, 2022, Taylor & Francis. tandfonline.com

2023 Hyundai Tucson Hybrid vs. Santa Fe Hybrid

Want to learn more about how the 2023 Hyundai Tucson Hybrid compares to the 2023 Hyundai Santa Fe Hybrid? Explore these resources for further details: